Do central banks lose on foreign-exchange intervention? A review article

Estimates of central bank intervention losses or profits vary widely; some estimates find substantial losses, others profits. In most cases, estimated profits are not risk-adjusted, and risk adjustment can have large effects. Furthermore, profit estimates involve variables integrated of order one, and because of this test-statistics may have nonstandard distributions; few studies take this into account. Estimates of risk-adjusted profits for the US Fed and the Swedish Riksbank, with allowances for possible nonstandard distributions, suggest that neither made losses and might have made significant profits.     

资本充足率监管与商业银行经营目标的路径选择

满足资本充足率监管要求和实现盈利是商业银行需要完成的两个基本经营目标。本文建立了单期模型,从理论角度分析了商业银行是如何通过调整资本金水平、存贷款总量以及风险偏好等不同的路径选择来实现上述双重经营目标。文章对我国商业银行近年来的经营行为进行实证分析表明,依靠股东注资、上市融资和发行次级债的方式已成为有效补充商业银行资本金以达到资本充足率监管要求的中长期主要路径,而调整存贷款总量和贷款组合的风险偏好是调节商业银行资本充足率水平的短期工具。在此基础上,指出国有商业银行完成上述双重基本指标是一项涉及政府、监管机构和商业银行三位一体的系统工程。     

健全国有商业银行客户经理激励约束机制的思考

目前国有商业银行客户经理激励约束机制的现状呈现明哲保身、角色错位、越权操作、徇私舞弊这4大特征。其根本原因是授权机制尚不完善,角色定位出现错位,监督机制尚不健全,激励约束机制失效。针对这些问题,作者提出了完善国有商业银行客户经理激励约束机制的建议:在激励机制的选择上,要建立物质性激励模式、非物质性激励模式及因人而异的激励模式等多元化的激励组合;在约束机制的选择上,要从制度、技术、文化三个层面建立有效的约束组合;商业银行激励约束机制选择的最终目标是通过两者的最佳组合,建立一个合规、高效的激励环境,实现银行经营目标。     

我国商业银行业公司治理结构与经营绩效的实证研究

通过对8家股份制商业银行的公司治理结构与经营绩效的关系做回归分析,结果显示:经营绩效与董事会规模正相关;与第一大股东持股比例负相关;与前5大股东控制权分散度正相关。因此,国有商业银行应当适度增大董事会规模、明晰产权关系、强化监事会职能、加强管理层激励与信息透明度。     

在华外资银行发展对我国经济增长的影响分析

随着外资银行在我国的发展与壮大,外资银行对我国经济的影响也逐渐增强。本文从正反两个方面探讨了在华外资银行发展对我国经济增长的影响,认为在华外资银行的发展一方面给我国经济增长带来了积极的正面效应,另一方面也带来了一定的不稳定因素。因此,我国应该采取一定的措施最大限度地发挥在华外资银行对我国经济增长的积极作用,严格控制在华外资银行对我国经济增长的不利影响。     

未来金融业发展趋势与商业银行社会责任新挑战

积极承担社会责任与企业的长久竞争力和股东的长期利润最大化是一致的.积极承担社会责任已经成为许多知名国外商业银行的共同价值观取向,也同样应该成为我国商业银行的基本价值观.与国外相比,我国商业银行在社会责任表现方面尚存在问题,金融行业正在面临的重大发展趋势及其可能对商业银行实践社会责任价值观带来重要影响.     

基于迁移矩阵的信贷风险分析

本文借鉴了马尔可夫链的统计原理，在商业银行评级体系的基础上，利用大量实际数据，统计得到不同年份多年度信用等级迁移矩阵，也得到分行业、分地区的信用迁移矩阵。在对矩阵进行深入分析的基础上，为商业银行利用迁移矩阵进行风险管理提出了有益的建议。     

The Determinants of Corporate Trade Credit Policies in a Bank‐dominated Financial Environment: the Case of Finnish Small Firms

This paper examines trade credit policies of small firms operating in a bank‐dominated environment (Finland). We find that creditworthiness and access to capital markets are important determinants of trade credit extended by sellers. The level of purchases is positively correlated with the level of accounts payable. Larger and older firms and firms with strong internal financing are less likely to use trade credit, whereas firms with a high ratio of current assets to total assets, and firms subject to loan restructurings use it more. Negative loan decisions by financial intermediaries increase and a close bank‐borrower relationship decreases the probability that a firm does not take advantage of trade credit discounts.     

The Informational Efficiency of the Equity Market As Compared to the Syndicated Bank Loan Market

The loan market is a hybrid between a public and a private market, comprised of financial institutions with access to private information about borrowing firms. We test whether this is reflected in informationally efficient price formation in the loan market vis-a-vis the equity markets, and reject this private information hypothesis. We also reject a liquidity hypothesis which suggests that equity markets always lead loan markets, despite bank lenders' access to private information, because of greater liquidity in equity markets. We further test, and reject, an asymmetric price reaction hypothesis that states that loan returns are more sensitive to negative information whereas equity returns respond symmetrically to both positive and negative information. We find evidence most consistent with an integrated markets hypothesis that suggests that both the equity and syndicated bank loan markets are highly integrated such that information flows freely across markets. This is particularly true when the equity market makers are also loan syndicate members.      

存款保险法律制度利弊之研究

存款保险法律制度是直接针对银行挤兑和破产倒闭而设计的,目的在于保护存款人的利益,增强公众对银行体系的信心,减少挤兑的可能性。我国建立该制度,将有利于维护金融安全,营造公平竞争的市场环境,完善银行的退出机制,从而提高金融业的效率。